Ka lebaka la litsamaiso tse fapaneng tsa maemo a fapaneng Letlapa lena le shebaneng le tlhahlobo le puisano ea liphapang tsa sehlooho ho palo ea boiler ea boiler ea boiler.
1.Selelekela
Ebang ke China kapa kantle ho naha, pele boilereka e etsoa le ho kenngoa ka lebaka la basebelisi bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea boitsetse hona joale ho latela Eseng ho tšoana. European Unications en 12952-15: 2003 Lisebelisoa tsa Metsi le Lijo tsa Bohloko Tekanyetso ena e boetse e sebetsa ho potoloha li-lollars tsa bethe. Metsi a majoe a majoe a ekeletsoa Tekanyetso, e fapaneng le Melao e amehang ea Melao ea Matloana Chaena le ea Asmer Pents ea Ts'ebetso ea Make. Khoutu ea asme le likhoutu tse amanang le tsona Chaena li tšohloa ka botlalo, empa ho na le litlaleho tse 'maloa puisanong ea En 12952-15: 2003.
Hajoale, litekanyetso tsa liteko tsa ts'ebetso tse sebelisitsoeng Chaena li na le litsamaiso tsa mosebetsi oa bo-ralitime tsa tšebetso tsa borena "Gb10184 Etc. Ka ho hola ntlafatsong ea theknoloji ea borer ea China ea ho etsa mohale oa China Bakeng sa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa mebaranta tse fapaneng, Europe Unination Stations en 12952-15: 2003 e ke ke ea hlahisoa nakong ea tlhahlobo ea Boiler ea ho etsoa Chaena.
Serabeng se ka sehloohong sa palo ea boiler ea boiler ea boiler ea boiler.
Bakeng sa bonolo ha papiso, En12952-15: 2003 e tla nyatsoa e le molao E En. Khoutu ea ASMEPTC4-1998 e khutsufalitsoe e le khoutu ea ASME, GB10184-1988 khoutu ea GB bakeng sa khutso, DLH'964-2005 e bitsoa khutšoane.
2.Lintho tse ka sehloohong le sekhahla sa kopo
Strand ke maemo a kamohelo a ho amohela bakeng sa li-boilers tsa Steam ,rs tse chesang le lisebelisoa tsa bona tse thusang, 'me ke motheo oa sebopeho sa bosholu le lipalo tsa indasteri tse chesang ka kotloloho. E loketse chelete e tobileng ea li-itloana tse tsamaeang ka kotloloho le boile ba metsi a futhumetseng, le lisebelisoa tsa bona tse thusang. Lentsoe "motsoako o tobileng" o rera lisebelisoa tse nang le mocheso o tsebahalang, o ka be o nyatsa mollo o tukang, o koalehileng oa ho robala kapa sekepe sa koae. Ntle le moo, e ka boela ea sebelisoa ho lisebelisoa tse sa tobang (joalo ka sesebelisoa se senya se tsamaeang le motlakase, Sodium), jj. (joalo ka ha re hana ho hokahana), mokhoa o hatelletsoeng ka boilile (joalo ka lefu la pfbc) le boilem beiler ka sistimi e kopaneng ea potoloho.
Ho kenyelletsa le maemo a en, litekanyetso tsohle tse amanang le tlhahlobo ea Ts'ebetso ea Boiler li tiisa hore ha e sebetse liloko tsa bacleam libakeng tsa matla a nyutlelie. Ha e bapisoa le khoutu ea Asme, EN e ka sebelisoa ho senya mocheso mocheso le sesebelisoa sa eona sa metsi, 'me sekhahla sa eona sa metsi se pharalletse. STAND STENO ha e felise mofuta o sebetsang oa phallo ea boiler steam, khatello kapa mocheso. Ho fihla moo barekisi ba mouoane ba amehileng, mefuta ea "Bareki ba tšoanelehang" e thathamisitsoeng ho En Standard e feta khoutu ea GB kapa DL / T khoutu.
3.Moeli oa mokhoa oa borer
Khoutu ea masene e thathamisa lipapiso tsa ho etsa libaka tsa meeli ea sirmal ea mefuta e mengata ea seretse. Lipapiso tse tloaelehileng li boetse li fanoa ka khoutu ea GB. Ho latela Standard, enfelopo ea sebaka se tloaelehileng sa beile ea tšepe e lokela ho kenyelletsa sistimi e tukang ea masela, system ea khase e nang le mashala, fofa sistimi ea moea oa Ash. Empa ha e kenyeletse lisebelisoa tsa oli tsa oli kapa khase e nang le mafura EN le maemo a mang le a En ka mokhoa o fapaneng a arola moeli oa boiler ea malermodynamic ka tsela e ts'oanang, empa en Station e hloka ho amanang le moeli oa boiler ea boiler. Bober sebakeng sa "se fanoeng" " Haeba ho ke ke ha khoneha ho fumana litekanyetso tsa litekanyetso tse lekantsoeng tsa "Phepo", moeli o ka nchafatsoa ka tumellano lipakeng tsa mohlala le moreki. Ho fapana le moo, maemo a Stekono a hatisa molao-motheo oa ho arola moeli oa matloana a maputsoa a matsoele a mahoarmodynamic.
4.Mofuthu oa Standard State le Refera
En Stands e hlalosa boemo ba khatello ea 101325pa le mocheso oa 0 ℃ e le maemo a tloaelehileng a 25 ℃. Boemo bo tloaelehileng bo boletsoeng bo tšoana le khoutu ea GB; Thepa ea litšupiso e tšoana le khoutu ea asme.
EN e lumella tumellano ea ho sebelisa mocheso o mong joalo ka mocheso oa ho amohela tlhahlobo ea kamohelo. Ha lithemparetjha tse ling li sebelisoa e le mocheso oa ho bua, ho hlokahala hore o lokise boleng ba mafura a mafura a mafura.
5.Li-afficients tse tloaelehileng
Tekanyetso ea EN e fana ka mocheso o tobileng oa mouoane, metsi, moea, molora le lintho tse ling tse fumanehang ho mocheso o tloaelehileng oa ts'ebetso, le boleng ba mocheso bo sa felletseng.
5.1 boleng ba mocheso ba futhumatsang
Bona Lethathamo 1 bakeng sa boleng bo itseng ba mocheso.
Tafole ea 1 boleng bo ikhethileng ba mocheso ba lintho tse ling.
| S / n | Ntho | Yuniti | Boleng |
| 1 | Mocheso o tobileng oa Steam ka bongata ba 25 ℃ -150 ℃ | KJ (KGK) | 1.8844 |
| 2 | Mocheso o tobileng oa metsi joalo ka 25 ℃ -150 ℃ | KJ (KGK) | 4.21 |
| 3 | Mocheso o tobileng oa moea maemong a 25 ℃ -150 ℃ | KJ (KGK) | 1.011 |
| 4 | Mocheso o khethehileng oa Ash ea Malinyane 'me oa fofa molora karolong ea 25 ℃ -200 ℃. | KJ (KGK) | 0.84 |
| 5 | Mocheso o tobileng oa slag e kholo ka boea bo tiileng ba slag bo sitisang | KJ (KGK) | 1.0 |
| 6 | Mocheso o tobileng oa slag e kholo ka sebōping se mafikeng | KJ (KGK) | 1.26 |
| 7 | Mocheso o khethehileng oa Caco3 ho mefuta e 25 ℃ -200 ℃ | KJ (KGK) | 0.97 |
| 8 | Mocheso o khethehileng oa Cao ka bongata ba 25 ℃ -200 ℃ | KJ (KGK) | 0.84 |
Joalo ka khoutu ea GB, ho na le mocheso o mongata kapa o tobileng oa lintho tse fapaneng o fanoeng ke Standard o nka 0 ℃ joalo ka ntlha ea ho qala. Khoutu ea Asme e tiisa hore 77 ℉ (25 ℃ (25 ℃) e nkiloe e le ntlha ea mocheso kapa mefuta e fapaneng ea lintho tse fapaneng, le oli ea mafura e kholo.
Ka Khoutu ea GB, mocheso o tobileng oa lintho tse sebelisoang hangata o baloa ho latela mocheso o khethiloeng tafoleng kapa ka mocheso o ikhethang. Bakeng sa lintho tsa gased le metsi, ke mocheso o ikhethang oa khatello e sa feleng. Khoutu ea Asme Ka kakaretso e nka 25 ℃ e le benchemark, 'me e fana ka foromo ea ho bala ka thata kapa ho chesa lintho tse fapaneng.
Ho bapisoa le khoutu ea GB le khoutu ea Asme, En Standard e na le phapang e latelang ea ho khetha lintho tse itseng:
1) Ho chesa lintho tse fapaneng ho nka 0 ℃ palo ea ho qala, boleng ba mocheso ba mocheso ke boleng bo tloaelehileng ba 10 ℃ ho isa mochesong o sebetsang o sebetsang o sebetsang.
2) Nka boleng bo tsitsitseng ho tloha ho empa ha bo mocheso o tloaelehileng o sebetsang.
Ka mohlala:
| S / n | Ntho | Yuniti | Boleng |
| 1 | LHV | KJ / KG | 21974 |
| 2 | Temple ea Khase ea Flue Khamp. | ℃ | 132 |
| 3 | Temple ea Slag. | ℃ | 800 |
| 4 | Palo ea mouoane oa metsi e hlahisoang ke ntoa ea mafura | N3/kg | 0.4283 |
| 5 | Sekhahla sa molora | % | 28.49 |
| 6 | Karolelano ea fofa molora le Slag | 85:15 |
Kopanoa le likarolo tse ling, ha mocheso o hlalosang 25 ℃, liphetho li baloa ho latela Cob khoutu ea GB le En Stands li bapisoa le Lethathamo la 2.
Tafole ea 2 papiso ea boleng bo itseng ba mocheso le tahlehelo ea lintho tse ling.
| Ntho | Yuniti | En maemo a | Melao ea GB |
| Mocheso o tobileng oa mouoane ka khase ea flue. | KJ / (KGK) | 1.8844 | 1.8788 |
| Mocheso o tobileng oa Ash ea Fly | KJ / (KGK) | 0.84 | 0.77763 |
| Mocheso o khethehileng oa slag e tlase | KJ / (KGK) | 1.0 | 1.1116 |
| Tahlehelo ea mouoane ka khase ea flue | % | 0.3159 | 0.3151 |
| Tahlehelo e nang le kutloelo-bohloko ea Ash ea Fly | % | 0.099 | 0.0915 |
| Tahlehelo ea mocheso e nang le kelello ea slag e ka tlase | % | 0.1507 | 0.1675 |
| Tahlehelo e felletseng | % | 0.5656 | 0.5741 |
Ho latela papiso ea sephetho sa ho bala, bakeng sa mafura a nang le li-dissh tse tlase, phapang ea boleng bo itseng ba lintho tse itseng e ka nkuoa e le tšusumetso ea hae kapa e nyane ho Balatšo li bakoa, 'me e ka ba ea ka hlokomolohuoa. Leha ho le joalo, ha bohobe ba bethe ea motsoako o mongata ba tšela mafura kapa ba eketsa lejoe la leoto la leoto, phapang e ka khonehang ea tahlehelo ea mocheso e ka fihla 0.1-0.15 kapa e phahameng haholo.
5.2 Bothata ba cabon monoxide.
Ho latela En Standard, boleng ba calouction ba khabone ke 1 2.633 MJ / m3, e leng ho tšoana le ea code code 4347ttu / lbm (12,643 MJ / m3) le khoutu ea GB 12.636 MJ / m3. Maemong a tloaelehileng, litaba tsa khase khase ka bongata bo tlase mme boleng ba tahlehelo ea mocheso bo fokola, kahoo phapang ea boleng ba kokoufise e na le tšusumetso e fokolang.
5.3 boleng ba mocheso ba lintho tse chesitsoeng ka mokhoa o hlakileng.
EN Stand e fana ka boleng ba mocheso ba lintho tse sa phetheheng tse kopaneng le molora oa mafura a maholo, joalo ka ha ho bonts'itsoe tafoleng ea 3.
Tafole ea 3 ea Heat ea mocheso ea lintho tse chesitsoeng ka ho fetelletseng.
| Ntho | E fanoa boemong | Boleng |
| Mashala anthracite | MJ / kg | 33 |
| Sootho mashala | MJ / kg | 27.2 |
Ho latela khoutu ea Asme, ha hydrogen e sa sebetseng e ka nkuoa e le khabollo ea khabone, le boleng ba khau e sa sebetsoang tlasa selemo sena e lokela ho ba 33.7mj / kg. Kh'outu ea GB ha e bolele likarolo tsa thepa e potlakileng ea thepa ka molora, empa ka kakaretso e nkuoa e le khabone e sa buloang. Bohlokoa ba kalo ea kalo ea thepa e potlakileng ho Alo ba fanoa khoutu ea GB ke 33.727MJ / kg. Ho latela mafura a maholo a bohale le standard Ha ho bapisoa le ligite, phapang e kholo le ho feta.
Ka hona, hoa hlokahala ho ithuta hape bohlokoa ba ho fana ka litekanyetso tse sa lokelang ho fana ka litekanyetso tse sa lokelang tsa lintho tse sa lokang tsa lintho tse sa lokelang.
54 Ho bala mocheso oa ho ts'oaroa ha calcium ea folbola le mocheso oa moloko oa sulfate.
Ho latela lipalo tsa foromo ea Palo
Tafole 4 mocheso oa ho bolaoa le ho senya mofuta oa calcium carbonate.
| Ntho | Heat of calcium carbonate Danbonate Kj / Mol. | Mocheso oa ho chesa haholo KJ / Mol. |
| En maemo a | 178.98 | 501.83 |
| Khoutu ea Asme | 178.36 | 502.06 |
| DL / T khoutu. | 183 | 486 |
Li-coefficients tse fanoeng ke khoutu ea EN le Asme li tšoana hantle. Ha ho bapisoa le khoutu ea DT / L PUSELETSO EA HO QETELA
6.Tahlehelo ea mocheso e bakiloeng ke radiation le ho khantso
Ho latela Standard, hobane hangata ha ho khonehe ho lekanya mahlaseli le ho lelekisa maikutlo (ka mantsoe a utloisisahalang
EN e hloka hore moralo oa boilear ea mouoane o tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa o lokela ho latela feiga. 1, "Radiation le tahlehelo ea ho soma e fapana ka tlhahiso e phahameng ea mocheso" e phahameng.
Feiga. Li-radiation tse 1 tsa mahlaseli
Senotlolo:
A: mahlaseli a mahlaseli a kotsi le tahlehelo ea ho etsa joalo;
B: Ke tlhahiso ea mocheso ea boleng bo holimo;
Curve 1: Clog mashala, lesapo la khase ea boea le sekoti sa bethe;
Curve 2: Boler ea mashala e thata;
Khase ea 3: oli ea mafura le li-lol tsa khase ea tlhaho.
Kapa e baloa ho latela foromo (1):
QRC = CQN0.7(1)
Mofuta:
C = 0.0113, e loketseng litlolo tse matla le khase ea khase ea tlhaho;
0.022, e loketse boiler ea anthrarate;
0.0315, e loketseng li-boikhathollo tsa litlokotseane le tse nooang.
Ho latela tlhaloso ea tlhahiso ea mocheso e sebetsang ho En Standard, ho na le mocheso o sebetsang ka botlalo ke mocheso o felletseng
Ka mohlala:
| S / n | Ntho | Yuniti | Boleng |
| 1 | Bokaholimo tlasa boiler bmr | T / h | 1025 |
| 2 | Temple Temp. | ℃ | 540 |
| 3 | Khatello ea Steam | Mpa | 17.45 |
| 4 | Fepa Temp ea Metsi. | ℃ | 252 |
| 5 | Fepa khatello ea metsi | Mpa | 18.9 |
E kopantsoe le litekanyetso tse ling, tlhahiso e phahameng ea mocheso e ka bang 773 MW, le tahlehelo ea mahlaseli e ka ba 0,298%. Ha e bapisoa le tahlehelo ea mocheso ea 0.2% tlasa mojaro oa 'mele oa boiled o baliloeng ho latela lipampiri tsa mohlala, kapa tahlehelo ea ho hlahlobisisa ho ea pele ho latela 49% e holimo.
E lokela ho eketsoa hore boemo ba EN e fana ka li-curves tsa Palo kapa li-coeftures tsa foromo ho latela mekhoa e fapaneng ea boruti le mefuta ea mafura. Khoutu ea ASME e hloka hore ho tahlehetsa mocheso e lekantsoe ke tekanyo, empa "khakanyo ea paramente e fanoeng ke basebetsi ba tšoanelehang e sa qheleloe ka thoko". Khoutu ea GB e etsa hore ho be le palo ea lipalo le foromo ho latela yuniti le mmele oa boiler.
7.Tahlehelo ea Flue Khas
Tafole ea khase ea futsanehileng e kenyelletsa tahlehelo ea khase, tahlehelo e bakiloeng ke ho arohana, ho lahleha ho bakiloeng ke hydrogen ho mafura le tahlehelo e bakiloeng ke mongobo moeeng. Ho latela mohopolo oa lipalo, Standard Asme e tšoana le khoutu ea lifofane le tahlehelo ea mafura a ho phalla ka bongata, ha a ntse a bala ho latela sekhahla sa phallo ea molumo. En maemo a tloaelehileng a bala boholo ba boleng ba khase le mocheso o khethehileng oa khase ea flue e metsi kaofela. Ho lokela ho hatisoa hore bakeng sa ba llang ea moea le mocheso oa moea oa moea le mocheso oa khoutu sehlekehlekeng sa moea oa moea le mocheso oa khase ka har'a sehlekehleke sa hempe ha sephara sa moea sa moea se lokisoa ho mehlala ea en le GB. Ho tloha ho Lethathamo la 5, ho ka bonoa hore leha mekhoa ea ho bala e fapane, liphetho tsa lipalo ha li tšoane.
Tafole ea 5 papiso ea tahlehelo ea ho tetebela ha khase e baliloeng ke GB le en.
| S / n | Ntho | Letshwao | Yuniti | GB | EN |
| 1 | O amohetse khabone ea | Car | % | 65,95 | 65,95 |
| 2 | E amohetse hydrogen e mpe | Har | % | 3.09 | 3.09 |
| 3 | E amohetse oksijene ea baseball | Oar | % | 3.81 | 3.81 |
| 4 | O amohetse naetrojene ea linate | Nar | % | 0.86 | 0.86 |
| 5 | O ile a amohela sebabole se mongata | Sar | % | 1.08 | 1.08 |
| 6 | Mongobo o felletseng | Mar | % | 5.30 | 5.30 |
| 7 | Fumana molora oa Bathe | Aar | % | 19.91 | 19.91 |
| 8 | Boleng ba letlooa | Qnet, ar | KJ / KG | 25160 | 25160 |
| 9 | Carbon dioxide ka flue khase | CO2 | % | 14.5 | 14.5 |
| 10 | Dikahare tsa oksijene ho khase ea flue | O2 | % | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| 11 | Naetrojene ho khase ea flue | N2 | % | 81.5 | 81.5 |
| 12 | Mocheso oa DATUM | Tr | ℃ | 25 | 25 |
| 13 | Moforo oa Flue Khase | Tpy | ℃ | 120.0 | 120.0 |
| 14 | Mocheso o tobileng oa khase e omeletseng | CP.Gy | KJ / M3℃ | 1.357 | / |
| 15 | Mocheso o khethehileng oa mouoane | CH2O | KJ / M3℃ | 1.5044 | / |
| 16 | Mocheso o tobileng oa khase ea flue ea metsi. | CpG | KJ / KGK | / | 1.018 |
| 17 | Tahlehelo ea mocheso ea khase e lerootho. | q2gy | % | 4.079 | / |
| 18 | Ho lahleheloa ke mocheso | q2rM | % | 0.27 | / |
| 19 | Tahlehelo ea mocheso ea khase ea flue | q2 | % | 4.349 | 4.351 |
8.Khalefo ea katleho
Kaha hangata ha ho khonehe ho etsa tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea unit ea unit ka tlasa maemo a ho amohela kapa a netefalitsoeng. Litekanyetso / Re khutlisetsa mekhoa ea bona bakeng sa khalemelo, e nang le phapang e tšoanang le phapang.
8.1 Lintho tse ntlafalitsoeng.
Litekanyetso tsohle tse tharo li ile tsa lokisa mocheso oa attlet oa moea, mongobo oa mocheso, mocheso oa khase ho tsoa le mafura, athe Standia e theotsoe ka moea oa molora ho mafura ka botlalo.
Mokhoa oa ho lokisa.
Mekhoa ea ntlafatso ea khoutu ea GB ea GB le Khoutu ea Asme ha e tšoane, e leng ho khutlisa litekanyetso tsa tahlehelo ea ho lahleheloa ke lintho tse ntlafalitsoeng. Mokhoa oa ntlafatso ea Standard o fapane le khoutu ea GB le khoutu ea ASM. EN e hloka hore phapang e lekanang Δ lipakeng tsa boleng ba moralo le boleng ba 'nete li lokela ho baloa pele ho latela phapang ena. Phapang ea ho lahleheloa ke tahlehelo ea pele ke tahlehelo e nepahetseng.
8.3 Mefuta ea Fuel e Fetoha le Maemo a Khahlano.
GB Code le khoutu ea Asme ha li felle feela phetoho ea mafura tlhahlobong ea ts'ebetso, ha feela mahlakore ka bobeli a fihla tumellanong. Tlatsetso ea DL / T e eketsa mefuta e fapaneng ea mafura, 'me Stand Stand e beha litlhoko tse hlakileng tsa mongobo le molomong oa ho kheloha hoa metsi ha ea lokela ho feta 10%, 'me ho kheloha hoa YAS ho boleng bo netefalitsoeng ha ea lokela ho feta 15% pele ho khalemeloa. Ka nako e ts'oanang, e thetsoa hore ho kheloha ha liteko ho feta moo ho kheloha ho fapaneng le ho amohela tlhahlobo feela ho ka fihlella lipakeng tsa tumellano le mosebelisi.
8.4 Fuel khaled khaled khaled.
GB le K'houtu ea Asme ha e bolele hore ho lokisoa ha bohlokoa ba mafura a mafura. En Stands e hatisa hore haeba mocheso o lumellanweng ha o joalo o 25 ℃, boleng ba mafura a mafura (ncv kapa gcv) e lokela ho lokisoa ho mocheso o letiloeng. Foromo ea khalemelo e tjena:
Ha: boleng ba koloi e kholo ea mafura a mocheso oa 25 ℃;
HM: Fuel boleng ba mafura a mafura ho ea ka mocheso o tummeng oa litšupiso.
9.Phoso ea liteko le ho hloka botsitso
Ho kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea boileb, tlhahlobo efe kapa efe e kanna ea ba liphoso. Liphoso tsa liteko li entsoe haholo ka liphoso tse hlophisehileng, le liphoso tse itseng, jj. Khoutu ea Asme le En En Standard e etelle pele ho ea ka mehopolo ea ho hloka botsitso le ho hloka botsitso.
Ho ea ka liteko tsa tlhahlobo ea GB, phoso ea tlhahlobo ea tekanyo le phoso ea tlhahlobo le tlhaiso ea tlhahlobo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e baloa, 'me phoso ea palo ea lipalo e hlokoang ho ahlola hore na tlhahlobo eo e tšoaneleha.
E hlalositsoe likhaolong tse nepahetseng tsa khoutu ea maele ea hore karolo tsohle tsa tlhahlobo ea liteko li lokela ho netefatsa melao ea ho hloka toka ka tlhahlobo ea liteko pele ho tlhahlobo. Khoutu ea ASME e fana ka mokhoa oa ho bala oa ho hloka botsitso. Khoutu ea asme e boetse e tiisa hore kamora tlhahlobo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e phetheloe, ho hloka botsitso ho tlameha ho baloa ho latela likhaolo tse amehang tsa khoutu le Asme PTC 19.1 Khoutu. Haeba ho baloa ho hoholo ke ho hoholo ho feta ho hloka botsitso ho fihlile esale pele, tlhahlobo e tla be e sa sebetse. Khoutu ea ASME e hatisa hore ho hloka botsitso ha sephetho sa liteko ha se na phoso ea ts'ebetso ea boiler (ke hore ho fapana le tlhahlobo ho lekola ts'ebetso ea boiler.
En Stand Stand Standidence e tla ba le bonnete ba hore E Reletsoeng e be le ho hloka botsitso ho latela ho se loke
U stuw quabung
Haeba maemo a latelang a kopane, e tla nkuoa hore boleng bo netefalitsoeng ba katleho bo fumaneha:
η η qhibilihe + ure
Moo:
Stud g ke boleng ba netefatso ea katleho;
ηb ke boleng bo nepahetseng ba katleho.
Ho ka bonoa ka ho hlaka moqoqong o ka holimo oo tlhahlobo ea liphoso oa li-GB le palo ea ho ahloloa hore na boemo bo atlehileng ba bona ba tšoaneleha, ha ho sa hlokahale Sebakeng sa En ha se ahlole hore na tlhahlobo e atlehile, e amanang haufi le hore na index ea katleho e tšoaneleha.
10.Sephetho
Gb10184-88, DL / T964-2005, ASMO PTC4-19991 le En125992, e etsang hore boileb e sebetse hantle e thehiloe bopaking. GB le basme likhoutu li sebelisoa haholo Chaena, ha feela litekanyetso li sa sebetse li amohela kamohelo ea lapeng.
Khopolo ea mantlha ea tlhahlobo ea ts'ebetso ea boikhabili ea boileparo ea boitlamo Pampiri ena e etsa tlhahlobo ea tlhaiso ena le papiso ea litekanyetso tse tharo, tse loketseng ho sebelisa litekanyetso tsa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng ho nepahetse haholo-holo. Lebelo la En ha lea ka la sebelisoa haholo Chaena, empa ho bohlokoa ho etsa lipatlisiso tse tebileng le lipatlisiso ka tse ling tsa tsona. Ho etsa liputso tsa tekheniki ntlheng ena, khothaletsa kantle ho naha ea boitsetse ba lapeng kapa sebakeng seo ho lekanyetsang ho sona 'marakeng oa machabeng.
Nako ea poso: DEC-04-2021