Ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kukho umahluko kwimigangatho yovavanyo lwentsebenzo yokusebenza kwe-Boiler Permm ye-Europe Union En 129-13998, GB10198419842005. Eli phepha ligxile kuhlalutyo kunye nengxoxo ngoohluko ophambili kwi-boiler yokusebenza kwimigangatho okanye imigaqo.
1.Intshayelelo
Nokuba eTshayina okanye phesheya, ngaphambi kokuba i-boiler yenziwa kwaye ifakwe kubasebenzisi bokusebenza, kodwa imigangatho okanye iinkqubo zokusebenza zeBoiler zisetyenziswa kumazwe ahlukeneyo hayi okufanayo. I-European Union I-United Pentral 12952-135: 2003 izixhobo ezincedisayo Icandelo le-15 imalunga nomgangatho wovavanyo lokwamkelwa kwabasebenzi, olona lomgangatho wovavanyo olusetyenzisiweyo lwecandelo lokusebenza. Lo mgangatho ukwasebenza nokujikeleza ababhengezo zebhedi. I-Limestone Assulfurization yongezwa kumgangatho, ohlukileyo kwiMigaqo efanelekileyo e-China kunye ne-Asme Borailer Pointral Post. Ikhowudi ye-ASM kunye neekhowudi ezinxulumene nazo e-China zixoxwe ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa zimbalwa iingxelo malunga nengxoxo ye-1295215: 2003.
Okwangoku, imigangatho esetyenziswayo yokusebenza esetyenziswayo e-China i-China i-China (GB) "iSikhululo soMbane seBoiler Boiler" GB10184-1988 kunye ne-American Society yeeNkcukacha zovavanyo ze-American " njl. njl. Ukuze ufezekise iimfuno zentengiso eyahlukileyo, i-European Union Decter En 12952-15: 2003 ayizukubandakanywa kwixesha elizayo njengomgangatho wokuphumeza kuvavanyo lwezinto ezenziwa kwi-boiler ezenziwe eTshayina.
Owona mxholo uphambili wokubala i-Boiler Offer kwi-En12952-15-2003 ithelekiswa ne-Asme Ptc4-1998, GB10W418-1988 kunye ne-dltt964-2005.
Ukuzenzela lula ukuthelekiswa, i-En121295225: 2003 imigangatho iya kuncitshiswa njengomgangatho we-En. Ikhowudi ye-Asmeptc4-1998 Ikhowudi ye-ASME, i-GB10184-1988 ikhowudi ibizwa ngokuba yikhowudi ye-GB ifutshane, i-DLH'964-2005 ibizwa ngokuba mfutshane.
2.Inqaku eliphambili kunye ne-Scape Scope
I-en esemgangathweni yentsebenzo yokwamkelwa kwabasekelweni steam, izixhobo zamanzi ashushu kunye nezixhobo zazo ezincedisayo, kwaye sisiseko sovavanyo lwentsebenzo (eyamkelayo) kunye nezixhobo ze-Steam ezitshisayo ngqo. Ilungele i-suressing ethe ngqo ye-suression kunye neenqanawa ezishushu zamanzi, kunye nezixhobo zabo ezincedisayo. Igama elithi "i-theredation the the" lijolise kwizixhobo ezinobushushu obushushu beekhemikhali zepetroli, ezinokuba nazo ii-vallos ezinobunkunkqele, ezinokuba ne-rate subsution, inkqubo ye-ratesung ye-rafting okanye i-fluid. Ngaphandle koko, inokusetyenziswa nakwizixhobo zokudibanisa ngokungathanga ngqo (ezinje nge-Boiler yeNkunkuma) kunye nezixhobo ezisebenza kunye nezinye izinto zosasazo lobushushu (ezinje ngegesi, i-sodium), njl. Nangona kunjalo, ayifanelekanga kwizixhobo ezizodwa zokutsha (njenge-HAIAKIALCTORT), i-boiler ecinezelweyo .
Kubandakanya imidlalo okanye yonke imigaqo okanye iinkqubo ezinxulumene novavanyo lokusebenza kwe-boiler chaza ngokucacileyo ukuba ayisebenzi kwiimveliso ze-velear kwizityalo zamandla zenyukliya. Xa kuthelekiswa nekhowudi ye-ASM, e-En inokusetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ubushushu obushushu kunye nezixhobo zayo ezincedisayo ze-steam okanye i-boiler yamanzi eshushu, kunye nenqanaba layo lesicelo libanzi. I-en esemgangathweni ayithinteli uluhlu olusebenzayo lwe-boiler steam ft, uxinzelelo okanye ubushushu. Ngokuphathelelene i-Steam Boilers, iindidi "ze-Boilers ezichanekileyo ezidweliswe kwi-en zibonakale ngakumbi kunekhowudi ye-GB okanye i-DL / T ikhowudi.
3.Umda weNkqubo yeBoiler
Ikhowudi ye-ASME idwelisa imizobo yemifanekiso yemifanekiso yemisebenzi ye-thermal yemida yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-boiler. Imifanekiso yesiqhelo inikezelwa kwikhowudi ye-GB. Ngokuka-En Micrical System System yeSikhombisi kufuneka ibandakanye inkqubo ye-Steam-tim-tult yempompo, inkqubo ye-quassotion enenkqubo yokutsha ye-coal (ijikeleza i-sliec will yenkqubo kunye ne-heater ye-Ash Reflux. Kodwa ayibandakanyi izixhobo zeoyile okanye zegesi, ukufoda kumoya I-en esemgangathweni kunye neminye imigaqo yahlule umda wenkqubo ye-Boiler thermodynamic ngendlela enye, kodwa imigangatho ye-eccovey ifuna ukuba umda wemvulophu ohambelana nomda wobushushu kufuneka ungqinelana nomda we I-Boiler "kwi-" ebonelelweyo, kunye negalelo lobushushu, ukukhutshwa kunye nelahleko efunekayo yokulinganisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-thermal kunokugqitywa ngokucacileyo. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukufumana amaxabiso afanelekileyo alinganayo kumda we- "Bond", umda unokuhlawulelwa ngesivumelwano phakathi komvelisi kunye nomthengi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-Ep E-EPE igxininisa imigaqo-siseko yokwahlula umda wenkqubo ye-boiledynamic ye-Thermodynamic.
4.Imeko esemgangathweni kunye neqondo lokushishina
Imigangatho emiselweyo ichaza imeko yoxinzelelo lwe-101325pa kunye neqondo lokushisa le-0 Imeko esemgangathweni echaziweyo iyafana nekhowudi ye-GB; Iqondo lokushishina liyafana nekhowudi ye-ASME.
I-en esemgangathweni ivumela isivumelwano sokusebenzisa amanye amaqondo obushushu njengeqondo lokushishina lokwamkela uvavanyo. Xa amanye amaqondo obushushu asetyenziswa njengamaqondo obushushu, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa ixabiso le-frielic.
5.I-Coefficients eziqhelekileyo
Umgangatho we-en unika ubushushu obuthile be-Steam, amanzi, umoya, i-ash kunye nezinye izinto kuluhlu ukusuka kwi-25 ℃ kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokusebenza, kunye nexabiso lamatye athile atshisiweyo.
5.1 Ixabiso elikhethekileyo lobushushu
Jonga itheyibhile 1 yexabiso eliyingqolowa eliyinxalenye.
Itheyibhile 1 Ixabiso elithile lobushushu bezinye izinto.
| S / n | Into | Iyunithi | Ixabiso |
| 1 | Ubushushu obuthile be-Steam kuluhlu lwe-25 ℃ -150 ℃ | kj (kgk) | 1.884 |
| 2 | Ubushushu obuthile bamanzi kuluhlu lwe-25 ℃ -150 ℃ | kj (kgk) | 4.21 |
| 3 | Ubushushu obuthile bomoya kuluhlu lwe-25 ℃ -150 ℃ | kj (kgk) | 1.011 |
| 4 | Ubushushu obuthile be-ash kunye ne-ASH kwi-25 ℃ -200 ℃. | kj (kgk) | 0.84 |
| 5 | Ubushushu obuthile be-slag enkulu kwi-slag ye-slag ye-SLAG | kj (kgk) | 1.0 |
| 6 | Ubushushu obuthile be-slag enkulu kwiziko le-flug lokubetha | kj (kgk) | 1.26 |
| 7 | Ubushushu obuthile beCaco3 kuluhlu lwe-25 ℃ -200 ℃ | kj (kgk) | 0.97 |
| 8 | Ubushushu obuthile be-cao kuluhlu lwe-25 ℃ -200 ℃ | kj (kgk) | 0.84 |
Njengekhowudi ye-GB, i-canthalpy okanye ubushushu obuthile beento ezahlukeneyo ezinikezwe ngu-En Ikhowudi ye-ASME ichaza ukuba i-77 ℉ (25 ℃ ithathwa njengendawo yokuqalisa yokubala okanye ubushushu obuthile beento ezahlukeneyo ngaphandle kwe-steam.
Kwikhowudi ye-GB, ubushushu obuthile beento ezisetyenzisiweyo bubalwa ngokweqondo elibaliwe ngetafile okanye ngokusebenzisa ifomula, kwaye i-sub yokufumana ixabiso le-caloloric le-0 ℃ kwiqondo elibaliweyo. Ngezinto ze-geseus kunye namanzi, bubushushu obuthile obuthile kwingcinezelo eqhubekayo. Ikhowudi ye-ASME ithatha i-25 ℃ njengophawu lokulwa, kwaye inika ifomula yokubala yobushushu obuthile okanye ukungena kwezinto ezahlukeneyo.
Xa kuthelekiswa neKhowudi ye-GB kunye ne-ASME, EN
I-1) I-ETHALPY okanye ubushushu obuthile beento ezithathayo nge-0
2) Thatha ixabiso elisigxina lama-25 hayi kwiqondo eliqhelekileyo lobushushu.
Umzekelo:
| S / n | Into | Iyunithi | Ixabiso |
| 1 | I-Fuel LHV | kj / kg | 21974 |
| 2 | I-temp yegesi yeflue. | ℃ | 132 |
| 3 | Slag Temp. | ℃ | I-800 |
| 4 | Isixa se-vapor yamanzi esiveliswe yi-piels | N3/ikg | I-0.4283 |
| 5 | Umxholo we-ash | % | 28.49 |
| 6 | Ububanzi be-bhabha kunye ne-slag | 85:15 |
Zidityaniswe nezinye iiparamitha, xa ireyithi yerejista ingama-25 ℃, iziphumo zibaliwe ngokwe-GB khowudi kunye ne-En imigangatho ithelekiswa kwiTheyibhile 2.
Itheyibhile 2
| Into | Iyunithi | I-EN EMiseS | Imigaqo ye-GB |
| Ubushushu obuthile bomgxobhozo kwigesi yeflue. | kj / (kgk) | 1.884 | 1.878 |
| Ubushushu obuthile bokubhabha | kj / (kgk) | 0.84 | 0.7763 |
| Ubushushu obuthile bokubetha | kj / (kgk) | 1.0 | 1.1116 |
| Ukuphulukana ne-steam kwi-slie yegesi | % | 0.3159 | 0.3151 |
| Ukulahleka kobushushu obushushu | % | I-0.099 | I-0.0915 |
| Ukulahleka kobushushu obushushu kwe-slag ezantsi | % | I-0.1507 | I-0.1675 |
| Ilahleko iyonke | % | I-0.5656 | 0.5741 |
Ngokutsho kothelekiso lweziphumo zokubala, ipetroli enemixholo esezantsi, umahluko obangelwe ngamaxabiso ahlukeneyo omcimbi ungaphantsi kwe-0.01 yexabiso elipheleleyo) Iziphumo zokubala iziphumo, kwaye zinokutyeshelwa ngokusisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, xa ukujikeleza i-boiler ye-fluid efakelweyo ivutha i-Ash i-Ash i-Ash i-Ash Peelstone ye-LimesFurity kwiziko, umahluko onokubakho welahleko ye-ASH SUMS unokufikelela kwi-0.1-0.15 okanye ngaphezulu.
5.2 Ixabiso le-calolorific ye-carbon monoxide.
Ngokutsho kwe-En3, eyokufana ne-Asme khowudi ye-ASE 434.3btu / LBM (12.643 MJ / M3) kunye ne-GB Code 12.636 MJ / M3. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, umxholo we-carbon monoxide kwigesi yeflue iphantsi kwaye ixabiso lokulahleka lilahlekile lincinci, ke umahluko kwixabiso le-calolorifi lunefuthe elincinci.
5.3 Ixabiso elishushu lezinto ezitshiswe ngokupheleleyo.
I-en esemgangathweni inika ixabiso lokutshisa izinto ezingaphelelanga kwi-anthracte kunye ne-ash enamafutha, njengoko kubonisiwe kwiTheyibhile 3.
Itheyibhile 3 Ixabiso lobushushu bezinto ezitshiswe ngokungapheliyo.
| Into | Inikwe isikhundla | Ixabiso |
| Ilahleko ye-Anthractic | Mj / kg | 33 |
| I-Brown Coal | Mj / kg | 27.2 |
Ngokwe-ASME, xa i-hydrogen engabhalwanga i-ash ayibalulekanga, engaphelelanga inokuthathwa njengekharbon ye-amorphon, kwaye ixabiso lekhalon yekharbon engacingi phantsi kwale meko kufuneka ibe yi-33.7MJ / kg. Ikhowudi ye-GB ayichazi ukuba izinto ezinokutsha kwi-Ash, kodwa ngokubanzi ithathelwa ingqalelo njengekhabhoni engavuthanga. Ixabiso le-caloloric lezinto ezinokutsha kwi-ASH inikwe ikhowudi ye-GB yi-33.727MJ / kg. Ngokutsho kwe-Alive ipetroli kunye nexabiso le-calolorific lezinto ezingaphelelanga zimalunga ne-2.2% isezantsi kunekhowudi ye-ASM kunye ne-GB. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-LGGNGIT, umahluko mkhulu nangakumbi.
Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukuqhubeka nokufunda ngakumbi ukubaluleka kokunika amaxabiso e-calolorik kwizinto ezinganyangekiyo ze-anthracte kunye nembeko ngokwahlukeneyo kwimigangatho ye-en.
5.4 Ukuchongwa kobushushu be-Deapication ye-Calcium yeCalcium Carbonate kunye nobushushu be-sulfate.
Ngokutsho kwefomula yefomula yefomula enikezwe e-En, ikhowudi ye-ASME kunye ne-DL / T khowudi, i-CARDEACOFOO YOKUGQIBELA I-CALCONAUM yeCalcium yeCalcium kunye ne-SURCHEARFATE iboniswe kwiTheyibhile 4.
Itheyibhile 4 Ubushushu bezinto zokuhombisa kunye nokuqulunqwa kwe-calcium carbonate.
| Into | Ubushushu be-calcium ye-calcium ye-calcebonate ye-kJ / mol. | Ubushushu bokwenza i-sulfate kj / mol. |
| I-EN EMiseS | 178.98 | I-501.83 |
| Ikhowudi ye-ASME | 178.36 | I-502.06 |
| Ikhowudi ye-DL / T. | 183 | 486 |
I-Coefficients ezinikwe uMgangatho we-En kunye ne-ASME i-asme ngokusisiseko. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-DT / L DOK, ubushushu bokuhombisa yi-2.2-2.5% isezantsi kwaye ubushushu bokuseka bungama-3.3% ngaphezulu.
6.Ilahleko yobushushu ebangelwa yimitha kunye nengqungquthela
Ngokutsho kwe-En
Umgangatho oqhelekileyo ufuna ukuba uyilo lwesolophelo oluqhelekileyo oluqhelekileyo kufuneka lithobele umzobo. I-1, "i-radiation kunye nelahleko yentsokolo yokuqhekeka kunye nemveliso ephumelelayo yobushushu".
Umzobo 1 radiation kunye neendawo zokulahleka kwelahleko
Isitshixo:
A: Imitha kunye nelahleko yokulahleka;
B: Iziphumo ezinobushushu eziluncedo;
Ijika 1: I-Brown Coal, i-Frown Coal, i-Blast ye-Look Lost yeGeyikhi kunye nombhexeshi webhedi owenziwayo;
Curve 2: i-boal enzima yamalahle;
Ijika 3: I-oyile ye-oyile kunye ne-boilers yegesi yendalo.
Okanye ubalwe ngokwefomyula (1):
I-QRC = CQN0.7(1)
Uhlobo:
C = 0.0113, ilungele i-boileds-boileds kunye nendalo;
I-0.022, ilungele i-ancracracy Boiler;
I-0.0315, ilungele i-lgles kunye ne-boiled back.
Ngokwenkcazo yemveliso esebenzayo yobushushu kwi-En esemgangathweni, imveliso esebenzayo yobushushu bubushushu obupheleleyo botyalo kunye / okanye i-steam esuswe yi-Boiam Boiler, kwaye i-Steapy ye-Steage yongezwa kwimveliso esebenzayo yobushushu.
Umzekelo:
| S / n | Into | Iyunithi | Ixabiso |
| 1 | Umthamo phantsi kwe-boiler bmcr | t / h | I-1025 |
| 2 | I-Steam Temp. | ℃ | I-540 |
| 3 | Uxinzelelo lwe-Steam | Mpa | 17.45 |
| 4 | Yondla i-temp yamanzi. | ℃ | 252 |
| 5 | Uxinzelelo lwamanzi | Mpa | 18.9 |
Zidityaniswe nezinye iiparamitha, ezona zinto ziphumlweni ziphumelelayo ze-Boiler zimalunga ne-773 MW, kunye nokulahleka kwemitha yi-2.3MW xa ilahleko yemitha i-0.298. Xa kuthelekiswa nelahleko yokutya ubushushu ye-0,2% phantsi komthwalo obalwe ngumzimba we-boiler ebalwe ngokwemigangatho ye-GB kwi-GB ikhowudi okanye ixabisiwe ngokomgangatho we-49% ephezulu kakhulu.
Kuya kufuneka kongezelelwa ukuba i-En inika ibango Ikhowudi ye-ASME ifuna ukuba ilahleko yobushushu iqikelelwa ngumlinganiso, kodwa "ukuqikelela kweparamitha ezinikezwe ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo abakhutshelwa ngaphandle". Ikhowudi ye-GB inika ijika kubalwa kunye nefomula ngokweyunithi kunye nomzimba we-boiler.
7.Ilahleko yegesi
Ilahleko yegesi yeflie ikakhulu ibandakanya ilahleko yegesi eyomileyo, ilahleko ebangelwa kukungahlulwa kwamanzi kwi-Fuel, ilahleko ibangelwa yi-hydrogen kwi-Fuel kwaye ilahleko ibangelwa kukufuma emoyeni. Ngokutsho kombono wokubala, umgangatho we-ASME uyafana nekhowudi ye-GB, oko kukuthi, ilahleko yegesi yeflie kunye ne-mpsm eyomileyo ibalwa ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa i-Asme ibala ngokokuhamba kwevolumu. I-E emiselweyo ibala igesi yegesi emanzi kunye nobushushu obuthile berhasi emanzi xa iyonke. Kumele ukuba igxininiswe into yokuba kwi-Boilers ene-preheter yomoya, ubungakanani begesi ye-Flue kunye ne-formus ye-En kunye ne-GB Codes yi-Plari yeBhodi yeBhodi, ngelixa iifomula ze-ASTE ziyi-Fliued Bunani yeBlie I-inlet ye-preheter yomoya kunye neqondo lokushisa le-Flue kwindawo yokuphuma kwamagumbi angaphambi kokuba amagumbi aphambi komoya alungisiwe kwi-0. Jonga itheyibhile yesi-5 ye-GB kunye ne-GB. Ukusuka kwiTheyibhile 5, inokubonwa ukuba iindlela zokubala zahlukile, iziphumo zokubala zinjalo.
Itheyibhile 5 yokuthelekiswa kwe-fleuel yegesi ilahle i-GB kunye ne-en.
| S / n | Into | Isimboli | Iyunithi | GB | EN |
| 1 | Ifumene ikharbon yesiseko | Car | % | 65.95 | 65.95 |
| 2 | Ifumene i-hydrogen yesiseko | Har | % | 3.09 | 3.09 |
| 3 | Ifunyenwe ioksijini | Oar | % | 3.81 | 3.81 |
| 4 | Ifumene isiseko se-nitrogen | Nar | % | I-0.86 | I-0.86 |
| 5 | Ifunyenwe isiseko se-salfure | Sar | % | 1.08 | 1.08 |
| 6 | Ukufuma ngokupheleleyo | Mar | % | 5.30 | 5.30 |
| 7 | Ifumene i-ash | Aar | % | 19.91 | 19.91 |
| 8 | Ixabiso le-calolorific | Qumnatha, i-AR | kj / kg | 25160 | 25160 |
| 9 | I-carbon diokside kwi-slie yegesi | CO2 | % | 14.5 | 14.5 |
| 10 | Umxholo weoksijini kwigesi yeflue | O2 | % | 4.0 | 4.0 |
| 11 | I-nitrogen kwi-wlie yegesi | N2 | % | I-81.5 | I-81.5 |
| 12 | Iqondo lokushisa le-datha | Tr | ℃ | 25 | 25 |
| 13 | Ubushushu begesi | Tpy | ℃ | I-120.0 | I-120.0 |
| 14 | Ubushushu obuthile begesi eyomileyo | Cp.gy | kj / m3℃ | 1.357 | / |
| 15 | Ubushushu obuthile bomthi | CH2O | kj / m3℃ | 1.504 | / |
| 16 | Ubushushu obuthile begesi yeflethi emanzi. | CpG | kj / kgk | / | 1.018 |
| 17 | Ukuphulukana nobushushu begesi eyomileyo ye-fl. | q2gy | % | 4.079 | / |
| 18 | Ukulahleka kobushushu kwe-steam | q2rM | % | I-0.27 | / |
| 19 | Ukuphulukana nobushushu kwegesi yeflegi | q2 | % | 4.349 | 4.351 |
8.Ukulungiswa ngokukuko
Njengoko kusoloko kungakwazi ukwenza uvavanyo lolwamkelo lwendlela yokusebenza kweYunithi phantsi koMgangatho we-Full okanye oqinisekisiweyo kwaye phantsi koMgangatho oPhakathi okanye ukuqinisekiswa kweMeko eqinisekisiweyo, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa iimeko zovavanyo okanye zekhontrakthi. Yonke imigangatho / imigaqo-nkqubo ibeka phambili iindlela zabo zokulungisa, ezifanayo zombini ezifanayo kunye nolwahluko.
8.1 Izinto ezihlaziyiweyo.
Onke amanqanaba amathathu alungisile ubushushu bomoya kwi-Inlet, ubushushu bomoya, ubushushu begesi engapheliyo kwaye ipetroli, kodwa i-ASG ye-ASG ASISHINI ASTED ASTE ASTED AYIXELWE UKUFUNDA ipetroli ngokweenkcukacha.
8.2 indlela yokuqalisa.
Iindlela ezihlaziyiweyo zeKhowudi ye-GB kunye ne-ASME zilingana, eziza kuthatha indawo ye-parameter ehlaziyiweyo ngefomula yezinto ezilahlekileyo zezinto ezilahlekileyo kwaye zibuyise ukuze zifumane ixabiso lokulahleka. Indlela yokulungiswa kwe-en ye-en yahlukile kwikhowudi ye-GB kunye ne-ASME. Umgangatho oqhelekileyo ufuna ukuba umahluko ofanayo δ A phakathi kwexabiso loyilo kunye nexabiso elifanelekileyo kufuneka lubalwe kuqala, kwaye ke umahluko welahleko δ kufuneka ubalwe ngokwalo mahluko. Umahluko welahleko kunye nelahleko yoqobo yelahleko yilahleko efanelekileyo.
8.3 Utshintsho lwepetroli yepetroli kunye neemeko zokulungisa.
Ikhowudi ye-GB kunye ne-ASME ASPIRY ASIYENZI UKUTSHINTSHA I-OWSOOTION kuvavanyo lwentsebenzo, ixesha elide njengamaqela omabini afikelela kwisivumelwano. I-DL / T Yousorlement yonyuso onyusiweyo uluhlu lweeperadi ezivunyiweyo zepetroli, kwaye imigangatho ibeka phambili iimfuno ezicacileyo zokuqalisa umswakama kunye ne-ash kwixabiso le-intshi kwixabiso le-pieli akufuneki idlule kwi-10%, ukuphambuka kwe-yash kwixabiso eliqinisekisiweyo akufuneki kudlule kwi-15% ngaphambi kokulungiswa. Kwangelo xesha, kuchaziwe ukuba ukuba ukuphambuka kovavanyo kugqitha kuluhlu ngalunye, uvavanyo lokwamkela intsebenzo lunokwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba isivumelwano sifikeleleke phakathi komenzi kunye nomsebenzisi.
8.4 Ukulungiswa kwexabiso lenkunkuma.
I-GB kunye ne-ASME ASIKHODI AKUFUNI UKULUNGISELELA UKULUNGISELELA Ixabiso le-Fulorifi. I-E-En Yemfundo igxininisa ukuba ukuba iqondo lokushishina ekuvumele ukuvumelana ngalo alikho 25 Ifomula yokulungisa imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
I-HA: Ixabiso le-calolorific ye-ofisi ye-ofisi kwi-ARTRAM yobushushu be-25 ℃;
I-HM: Ixabiso le-caololorific ye-caololorific ilungiswe ngokwesimo sokuLawulwa kweRhafu ekuvunyelwene ngaso.
9.Vavanya imposiso kunye nokungaqiniseki
Kubandakanya uvavanyo lokusebenza kweBoiler, naluphi na uvavanyo lunokuba neempazamo. Iimpazamo zovavanyo ikakhulu zibunjwe ziimpazamo zenkqubo, iimpazamo ezingahleliwe, kunye neempazamo zokushiywa, njl njl. Yonke imigangatho ifuna uvavanyo lweempazamo kufuneka luvavanywe kwaye lususwe kangangoko kuvavanyo. Ikhowudi ye-ASM kunye ne-En
Ngokutsho komxholo wovavanyo lwe-GB, impazamo yoMgangatho kunye nempazamo yohlalutyo lomlinganiso ngamnye kunye nento yohlalutyo zibaliwe, kwaye impazamo yokuBala yokuBala ifunyenwe ukuba igwebe ukuba ngaba uvavanyo lufanelekile.
Icacisiwe kwizahluko ezifanelekileyo ze-ASME ASTE AMAYE AMAQEQESHO OLUFUMANELEKILEYO KUFUNEKA UKUFAKA IZIQINISEKISO ZEZIFUNDO ZEXESHA LEXESHA LOKUQALA, kwaye ezi nqobo zibizwa ngokuba kukungaqiniseki kweziphumo. Ikhowudi ye-ASM ibonelela ngendlela yokubala yokungaqiniseki. Ikhowudi ye-ASM ichaza ukuba emva kovavanyo ngalunye lugqityiwe, ukungaqiniseki kufuneka kubalwe ngokwezahluko ezifanelekileyo zeKhowudi kunye ne-ASTE PTC 19.1 ikhowudi. Ukuba ukungaqiniseki okubaliweyo mkhulu kunophawu lokungaqiniseki kufikelelwe kwangaphambili, uvavanyo aluyi kungekho msebenzi. Ikhowudi ye-ASM igxininisa ukuba ukungaqiniseki kweziphumo ezibaliweyo ayisiyo i-contress yempazamo yomsebenzi we-boiler, kwaye ezi ungaqiniseki zisetyenziswa kuphela ukugweba inqanaba lovavanyo lwentsebenzo (okt ukuba uvavanyo luyasebenza ukusebenza kwe-boiler.
I-E-ECING ichaza ukuba impumelelo yokusebenza kwe-Universile yokuGqibela i-EηB iya kubalwa ngokobungqina bayo, kwaye ke ukungaqiniseki ngempumelelo kwe-η β iya kubalwa ngokwefomyula elandelayo:
Uη β = ηηxεηβ β
Ukuba kuyafezekiswa ezi meko zilandelayo, kuya kuthathwa ukuba ixabiso eliqinisekisiweyo lokusebenza lifezekisiwe:
ηηG≤ηB + Uβ
Apho ku:
η g lixabiso lesiqinisekiso sokusebenza kakuhle;
Ixabiso eliqinisekisiweyo le-ηb.
Inokubonwa ngokucacileyo kule ngxoxo ingentla apho uhlalutyo lwempazamo ye-GB kunye nokubala kwikhowudi ye-ASME yimilinganiselo yokugweba ukuba i-Index iphumelele, ngelixa ungaqinisekanga Kwi-En esemgangathweni ayigwebi ukuba uvavanyo luphumelele, olunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nokuba i-Index esebenzayo iyakufanelekile.
10.Ukuqukumbela
I-GB10184-88, DL / T964-2005, ASTE PTC4-1998 kunye ne-En12998 kunye ne-En12592: 2003 ichaza ngokucacileyo i-boiler Equintration enobungqina. Iikhowudi ze-GB kunye nee-AST zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi eTshayina, ngelixa imigangatho isetyenziswe ekwamkelweni ekhaya.
Owona mbono uphambili wovavanyo loVavanyo lweCandelo lokuSebenza oluchazwe yile migangatho mithathu iyafana, kodwa ngenxa yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo eziqhelekileyo, kukho umahluko kwiinkcukacha ezininzi. Eli phepha lenza uhlalutyo kunye nokuthelekisa imigangatho emithathu, elungele ukusebenzisa imigangatho yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngakumbi ekulweni kweprojekthi. I-En esemgangathweni ayisetyenziswanga ngokubanzi eTshayina, kodwa iyimfuneko ukwenza uhlalutyo olunzulu nophando kwezinye izibonelelo zalo. Ukwenza amalungiselelo ezobugcisa kule ntlonipho, khuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwilizwe okanye kwingingqi ekwenza umgangatho we-EU, kunye nokuphucula iinguqulelo zethu kwimakethi yamanye amazwe.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: I-DEC-04-2021