Ngenxa yezinhlelo ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile emazweni ahlukene, kukhona umehluko othile ku-Boiler Performance ukwamukelwa kwamazinga wokuhlola noma izinqubo ezinjenge-European Union Standard En 12952-15: GB10184-1988 ne-DLTT964-2005. Leli phepha ligxile ekuhlaziyweni nasengxoxweni ngomehluko omkhulu ekubalweni kokusebenza kahle kwama-boiler kumazinga ahlukahlukene noma kwimithetho.

 1.I-foreyord

Noma ngabe eChina noma phesheya, ngaphambi kokuba i-boiler yenziwe futhi ifakwe futhi idluliselwa kubasebenzisi ngokusebenza kwezentengiso, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwama-boiler kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuya ngenkontileka, kepha izinqubo zokusebenza kokusebenza okusetshenziswa emazweni ahlukene akufani. I-European Union Standard en 12952-15: 2003 I-Boiler-Tube Boiler ne-AUxiliary Equipment Part Ingxenye 15 imayelana nezinga lokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kwama-boilers, okungenye yezindinganiso ezisetshenziswa ngokusebenza ngokusebenza kokusebenza. Leli Zinga liyasebenza nasekujikeleze ama-boilers ombhede acwebezelekile. Ukususwa kweLimestone kwengezwa kuzinga, elihlukile ngandlela thile kusuka kwimithetho efanelekile eChina kanye ne-ASME Boiler Ukuhlola Ukusebenza Kwemithetho. Ikhodi ye-ASME kanye namakhodi ahlobene eChina kuxoxwe ngakho ngokuningiliziwe, kepha kunemibiko embalwa engxoxweni ye-EN 12952-15: 2003.

Njengamanje, amazinga okusebenza asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile eChina yi-China ejwayelekile (GB) "Amandla esiteshini sama-Boiler Performance Proction Test" GB10184-1988 kanye ne-ASME PTC 4-1998, njll. Ngokuvuthwa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza ama-boiler we-china, imikhiqizo ye-boiler yaseChina ibonwa kancane kancane imakethe yomhlaba. Ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zezimakethe ezahlukahlukene, i-European Union Standard en 12952-15: 2003 ngeke zikhishwe esikhathini esizayo njengezinga lokuqalisa ngokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemikhiqizo ye-boiler eyenziwe eChina.

Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kokubalwa kokusebenza kahle kwe-boiler ku-EN12952-15-2003 kuqhathaniswa ne-ASME PTC4-1998, GB10WW4-1988 ne-DLTT964-2005.

Ukuze kube lula ukuqhathanisa, i-EN122952-15: 2003 Engajwayelekile izofushaniswa njenge-en ejwayelekile. Ikhodi ye-ASMeptc4-1998 ifinyeziwe njengekhodi ye-ASME, ikhodi ye-GB10184-1988 kubizwa ngokuthi ikhodi ye-GB emfushane, i-DLH'964-2005 ibizwa ngokuthi i-Di7T yamafuphi.

2.Okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kanye nesilinganiso sohlelo lokusebenza

I-EN EMAKHLANGANINI WOKUTHOLAKALA KOKUFUNDA KWAMABHODI AMABHODI, ama-boilers amanzi ashisayo kanye nemishini yawo esizayo, futhi kuyisisekelo sokusebenza kwe-thermal (ukwamukelwa) nokubalwa kwama-boilers oshonile kanye nama-boilers ashishisayo ashisa ngqo. Ilungele ama-boilers we-Direct Sharesion Steam kanye nama-boilers amanzi ashisayo, nemishini yawo enesisu. Igama elithi "ukuhlanganiswa okuqondile" kuhloswe ngalo ukuthi imishini eno-Fuel Chemical Ukushisa okuguqulwe kube ukushisa okunengqondo, okungaba nohlelo lokuvuselelwa kombhede noma uhlelo lokuvuselelwa kombhede noma kohlelo lokuvuselelwa kombhede. Ngaphandle kwalokho, futhi kungafakwa kwimishini yokuvutha engaqondile (efana ne-sactile heather) kanye nemishini esebenza neminye imithombo yezindaba yokushisa (njengegesi, i-sodium, i-sodium), njll. Noma kunjalo, ayilungele imishini ekhethekile yokuvutha amafutha (njenge-wetfur Incnerator), i-boiler ecindezelwe (enjenge-boiler ye-PFBC) kanye noSteam Boiler in System Ehlanganisiwe Yesiko.

Kubandakanya u-En ejwayelekile, wonke amazinga noma izinqubo ezihlobene nokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-boiler zisho ngokucacile ukuthi akusebenzi kubakhiqizi bamandla enuzi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nekhodi ye-ASME, i-EN E STADAD ingafakwa ekuchitheni i-boiler yokushisa imfucumfucu kanye nemishini yayo yokusiza yeSteam noma i-boiler yamanzi eshisayo, futhi ubukhulu bawo bohlelo lokusebenza babanzi. I-En Standard ayilinganiseli kuhlu olusebenzayo lokugeleza kwe-boiler Steam, ingcindezi noma lokushisa. Ngokuqondene nama-Steam Boilers athintekayo, izinhlobo "ze-boilers efanelekile" ezibhalwe ku-EN END ziyekisa ngokwengeziwe kunekhodi ye-GB noma ikhodi ye-DL / T.

3.Umngcele wohlelo lwe-boiler

Ikhodi ye-ASME ibala imifanekiso ye-Demishcation yemingcele yohlelo lwe-Thermal yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezejwayelekile ze-boiler. Imifanekiso ejwayelekile nayo inikezwa kwikhodi ye-GB. Ngokusho kwe-EV Ejwayelekile, imvilophu yohlelo olujwayelekile lwe-boiler kufanele ifake lonke uhlelo lwamanzi athule ngephampu lokujikeleza, uhlelo lokuvutha olune-coal bue blower, ujikeleze uhlelo lwe-flue gealer, uhlelo lwendiza oluvuthayo. Kepha akufaki imishini yokufudumeza kawoyela noma igesi, ukususa uthuli, fast fan fast kanye ne-Draft Fan. En ejwayelekile kanye neminye imithethonqubo esekeni ngokuyisisekelo hlukanisa umngcele wohlelo lwe-boiler thermodynamic ngendlela efanayo, kodwa u-en ejwayelekile uveza ukuthi umngcele we-boiler Systelope (umngcele) udinga ukuthi umngcele wemvilophu) kufanele ahambisane nomngcele we I-boiler esimweni esithi "esinikeziwe", kanye nokufakwa kokushisa, ukuphuma nokulahleka nokulahleka okudingekayo ekulinganiseni ukusebenza kahle kwe-thermal kunganqunywa ngokucacile. Uma kungenzeki ukuthola amanani alinganiswe afanelekile emngceleni wesimo se- "Supply Supply", umngcele ungachazwa kabusha ngesivumelwano phakathi komenzi nomthengi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-en ejwayelekile igcizelela umgomo wokuhlukanisa umngcele wohlelo lwe-boiler thermodynamic.

4.Isimo sezulu esijwayelekile kanye nereferensi

I-En standard ichaza isimo sengcindezi ye-101325pa kanye lokushisa le-0 ℃ njengezwe elijwayelekile, futhi izinga lokushisa lesethenjwa lokuhlola ukusebenza lingu-25 ℃. Isimo esijwayelekile esichaziwe siyafana nekhodi ye-GB; Izinga lokushisa lesethenjwa liyafana nekhodi le-ASME.

I-En Standard Ivumela isivumelwano ukuthi sisebenzise amanye amazinga okushisa njengezinga lereferensi lokuhlolwa kokwamukelwa. Lapho amanye amazinga okushisa esetshenziswa njengamazinga okushisa abhekise, kuyadingeka ukulungisa inani lenani likaphethiloli.

5.Ama-coefficients ajwayelekile

I-En Standard inika ukushisa okuthile kweSteam, Amanzi, umoya, umlotha kanye nezinye izinto ezisezingeni kusuka ku-25 ℃ kuya kuzinga lokushisa elijwayelekile, kanye nenani lokushisa lezinto ezithile ezishisiwe.

5.1 Inani elithile lokushisa

Bheka Ithebula 1 lenani elithile lokushisa elithile.

Ithebula 1 inani elithile lokushisa elithile lezinto ezithile.

Njengekhodi ye-GB, i-Entholpy noma ukushisa okuthile kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinikezwe yi-En Standard kuthatha 0 ℃ njengendawo yokuqala. I-ASME Code isho ukuthi i-77 ℉ (25 ℃) ithathwa njengephuzu lokuqalisa ukubala ubukhosi noma ukushisa okuthile kwezinto ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kwe-Steam Enthalpy.

Kwikhodi ye-GB, ukushisa okukhethekile kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kubalwa ngokuya ngokushisa okubaliwe ngetafula noma ngokusebenzisa ifomula, kanti ukushisa okuthile okutholakele kuyinani elithile elithile le-0 Ngezinto ezinobuhlakani namanzi, kungukushisa okukhethekile kokucindezela okungapheli. Ikhodi ye-ASME ngokuvamile ithathe ama-25 ℃ njengophawu lokulinganisa, futhi linikeza ifomula yokubala yokushisa okuthile noma ubukhosi bezinto ezahlukahlukene.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nekhodi ye-GB nekhodi ye-ASME, i-En standard inomehluko amabili alandelayo ekunqumeni ukushisa okuthile kwezinto:

1) I-Enthalpy noma ukushisa okuthile kwezinto ezahlukahlukene kuthatha u-0 ℃ njengendawo yokuqala, kepha inani elithile lokushisa elinikezwe inani eliphakathi ngaphakathi kwebanga kusuka ku-25 ℃ kuya ekushiseni okusebenzayo.

2) Thatha inani elinqunyelwe kusuka ku-25 akulona ℃ lokushisa okujwayelekile okusebenzayo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

 Kuhlanganiswe namanye amapharamitha, lapho izinga lokushisa lesethenjwa lingama-25 ℃, imiphumela ibalwa ngokuya ngekhodi ye-GB bese kuthi ku-EN EMAKWANI kuqhathaniswa kuThebula 2.

Ithebula 2 Ukuqhathanisa inani elithile lokushisa nokubalwa kokulahleka kwezinye izinto.

 Ngokusho kokuqhathanisa imiphumela yokubala, ngophethiloli onokuqukethwe okuphansi komlotha, umehluko wemiphumela ebangelwa amanani ahlukile wokushisa kwezinto angaphansi kwe-0.01 (inani eliphelele), elingabhekwa njengethonya elingenayo Imiphumela yokubala, futhi inganakwa ngokunganakwa. Kodwa-ke, lapho i-boiling embhede epuleshise ejikeleza ishisa uphethiloli ophakeme womlotha noma ingeza i-limestone yokusungula isithando somlilo, umehluko wokulahleka komlotha ongafinyelela ku-0.1-0.15 noma ngaphezulu.

5.2 Inani lamakhalori le-carbon monoxide.

Ngokusho kwe-EV Ejwayelekile, inani le-calorific le-carbon monoxide lingu-1 2.633 MJ / M³, okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo okufanayo naleyo ye-ASME Code 4347BTU / LBM (12.643 MJ / M³) nekhodi ye-GB 12.636 MJ / M³. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, okuqukethwe yi-carbon monoxide kugesi ye-flue kuphansi futhi inani lokulahleka kokushisa lincane, ngakho-ke umehluko enanini lezezimali anethonya elincane.

5.3 Inani lokushisa lezinto ezivuthayo ezingapheli.

I-En Standard inika inani lokushisa lezinto eziphelele zokuhlanganisa ku-anthracite kanye ne-lignite Fuel Ash ash, njengoba kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 3.

Ithebula 3 inani lokushisa lezinto ezivuthayo ezingapheli.

 Ngokusho kwekhodi ye-ASME, lapho i-hydrogen engavinjelwe emlotheni ayibalulekile, ama-combustible angaphelele angabhekwa njengekhabhoni evunyisiwe, nenani lekhaloni lekhabhoni elingavinjelwe ngaphansi kwalesi simo kufanele libe ngu-33.7mj / kg. Ikhodi ye-GB ayicacisi izingxenye zezinto ezivuthayo emlotheni, kepha ngokuvamile ithathwa njengekhabhoni engavinjelwe. Inani le-calorific yezinto ezivuthayo ku-Ash ezinikezwe kwikhodi ye-GB ngu-33.727mj / kg. Ngokusho kukaphethiloli we-anthracite kanye ne-en ejwayelekile, inani le-calorific lezinto eziphelele zokuhlanganisa licishe libe ngu-2.2% ephansi kunekhodi ye-asme nekhodi ye-GB. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-lignite, umehluko mkhulu kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nokutadisha ukubaluleka kokunikeza amanani amabisi ezinto ezingagugi ze-anthracite kanye ne-lignite ngokulandelana esikhundleni ngokulandelana.

5.4 I-Callination Deorvotion Ukushisa kwe-calcium carbonate nokushisa kwesizukulwane se-sulfate.

Ngokusho kwama-coefficients wefomula yokubala enikezwe ku-EN EVER SANGED, ASME Code kanye ne-DL / T Code, Ukushisa Ukubola Kwe-calcium Carbonate kanye nokushisa kokwakheka kwe-sulfate kukhonjisiwe kuThebula 4.

Ithebula 4 Ukushisa kokubola kanye nokwakheka kwe-sulfate ye-calcium carbonate.

Ama-coefficients anikezwe yikhodi ejwayelekile ne-ASME ngokufanayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nekhodi ye-DT / L, ukushisa okubolile kungu-2.2-2.5% ophansi kanye nokushisa kokwakheka kumayelana ne-3.3% ephezulu.

6.Ukulahleka kokushisa okubangelwa imisebe kanye ne-convection

Ngokusho kwe-EV Ejwayelekile, ngoba ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukukala imisebe nokulahleka kokuxhuma (okungukuthi, ukulahleka okusobala kokushisa kokushisa okusobala), amanani e-empirical kufanele amukelwe.

En ejwayelekile idinga ukuthi ukwakheka kwe-boiler ye-Steam evame kakhulu kufanele kuhambisane ne-Fig. 1, "Ukulahleka kwemisebe nokuvumelanisa okuhlukahluka ngokuphuma okuphezulu okusebenzayo".

Fig. 1 Imisebe nemigqa yokulahlekelwa kwe-convection

 Ukhiye:

A: Imisebe yokulahleka kwemisebe kanye nokuxhuma;

B: Ukukhipha ukushisa okuwusizo okuphezulu;

Ijika 1: I-Brown Coal, i-Blast Funer kanye no-Boiler wombhede ofihlekile;

Ijika 2: I-Hard Coal Boiler;

Ijika le-3: Amafutha kaphethiloli nama-boilers egesi yemvelo.

Noma kubalwe ngokuya ngefomula (1):

QRC = CQN^0.7(1)

Uhlobo:

C = 0.0113, ilungele ama-boilers egesi e-WEGS.

0.022, ilungele i-anthracite boiler;

I-0.0315, ilungele ama-boilers ombhede acwengekileyo.

Ngokusho kwencazelo yokuphuma okusebenzayo kokushisa ku-En Standard, umphumela wokushisa okusebenzayo ukushisa okuphelele kokudla kwamanzi okuphakelayo kanye / noma umusi okudluliselwe yi-Steam Boiler, kanye ne-Entholpy yokuthuthwa kwendle ingezwe ekuphumeni kokushisa okusebenzayo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

 Kuhlanganiswe namanye amapharamitha, umphumela wokushisa ophumelelayo we-boiler ucishe ube ngu-773 mW, kanye nokulahleka kwemisebe kanye ne-anthracite evuthayo, okungukuthi, ukulahleka kwe-radiation kanye ne-convection ukushisa kucishe kube ngu-0,998%. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokulahleka kokushisa kokushisa kuka-0.2% ngaphansi komthwalo olinganiselwe womzimba we-boiler kubalwa ngokuya ngamapharamitha wesibonelo ku-GB Code,

Kufanele ingezwe ukuthi ama-en ajwayelekile anikeza ama-curves ebali noma amafomula wefomula ngokuya ngezinhlobo zempahla ehlukene nezinhlobo zamafutha. Ikhodi ye-ASME idinga ukuthi ukulahleka kokushisa kulinganiswe ngesilinganiso, kepha isilinganiso sepharamitha esinikezwe ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abaqeqeshiwe asifakwanga ". Ikhodi ye-GB icishe inikeze ijika lokubala kanye nefomula ngokuya ngeyunithi nomzimba we-boiler.

7.Ukulahleka kwegesi okumnandi

Ukulahleka kwegesi e-Flue Kubandakanya ukulahleka kwegesi elomile okubandakanya ukulahleka kwegesi eyomile, okubangelwa ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi ngophethiloli, ukulahleka okubangelwa yi-hydrogen ngophethiloli nokulahleka okubangelwa umswakama emoyeni. Ngokusho komqondo wokubala, i-ASME Standard ifana nekhodi ye-GB, okungukuthi, ukulahleka kwegesi eyomile kanye nokulahleka kwamanzi okusomile kubalwa ngokwehlukana, kepha i-ASME ibala ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokugeleza kwevolumu. I-En Standard ibala ikhwalithi emanzi ye-flue kanye nokushisa okuthile kwegesi emanzi ye-flue and all. Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ama-boilers ane-air prebeter, inani le-flue gesi kanye namafomethi wekhodi ye-en aue inani elisezingeni eliphakeme kanye nokushisa kwefomula ye-asme ku-fluelet ye-flue umthamo enanini I-Inlet ye-Air Preneater kanye nokushisa kwegesi kwe-flue endaweni yokuphuma kwe-preheater lapho izinga lokuvuvuthwa komoya lilungisiwe ku-0. Bheka Ithebula 5 lezibonelo zokubala ze-EN nase-GB. Ukusuka etafuleni 5, kungabonakala ukuthi yize izindlela zokubala zihlukile, imiphumela yokubala ingafani.

Ithebula 5 Ukuqhathaniswa kokulahleka kwegesi kwe-flue kubalwe yi-GB no-En.

 8.Ukulungiswa Kokusebenza Kahle

Njengoba kuvame ukuba nzima ukufeza ukuhlolwa kokwamukelwa kokusebenza kweyunithi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile noma eziqinisekisiwe zegesi nangaphansi kwezimo eziqondile noma eziqinisekisiwe zokusebenza, kuyadingeka ukulungisa imiphumela yokuhlola kwizimo ezijwayelekile noma zenkontileka. Womathathu amazinga / imithethonqubo ebeka phambili izindlela zazo ukuze zilungiswe, ezinokufana nokwehlukana nokwehluka.

8.1 Izinto Ezibukeziwe.

Womathathu amazinga amathathu alungise izinga lokushisa komoya, umswakama womoya, lokushisa legesi ephumayo ephumayo kanye nophethiloli, kepha ikhodi ye-gb nekhodi ye-asme ayilungiseleli futhi kubalwe ukulungiswa koshintsho lomlotha ngaphakathi uphethiloli ngokuningiliziwe.

8.2 Indlela Yokulungisa.

Izindlela zokubukeza ikhodi ye-GB nekhodi ye-ASME ngokufanayo ziyefana, okuzobuyisela amapharamitha abukeziwe ngefomula yokubala yoqobo yefomula yokulahlekelwa futhi iphinde ibenze ukuthola inani lokulahlekelwa kabusha. Indlela yokuchibiyela ye-EN EMBANTI yehlukile kwikhodi ye-GB nekhodi ye-ASME. I-en ejwayelekile idinga ukuthi umehluko olinganayo Δ umehluko phakathi kwenani lokuklama kanye nenani langempela kufanele libalwe kuqala, bese kuba nomehluko wokulahleka Δ n kufanele ubalwe ngokuya ngomehluko. Umehluko wokulahleka kanye nokulahlekelwa kwasekuqaleni ukulahleka okulungisiwe.

8.3 Izinguquko zikaphethiloli kanye nezimo zokulungiswa.

Ikhodi ye-GB nekhodi ye-ASME ayikhawuleli ukuguqulwa kwamafutha ekuhlolweni kokusebenza, inqobo nje uma womabili amaqembu efinyelela esivumelwaneni. Isengezo se-DL / T sandisa ukwahlukahluka okuvumelekile kophethiloli wokuhlola, futhi i-en ejwayelekile ibeka phambili izidingo ezicacile zohlu lokuhlukahluka komswakama nomlotha ophephelo, okudinga ukuthi i-YHO FURED YOMELWO Akufanele yedlule i-10%, futhi ukuphambuka kokuvela kunani eliqinisekisiwe akufanele kwedlule i-15% ngaphambi kokulungiswa. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuchazwa ukuthi uma ukuphambuka kokuhlola kudlula uhla ngakunye ukuphambuka, ukuhlolwa kokwamukela ukusebenza kungenziwa kuphela ngemuva kwesivumelwano kufinyelelwe phakathi komenzi kanye nomsebenzisi.

8.4 Ukulungiswa kwenani likaphethiloli.

Ikhodi ye-GB ne-ASME Ungacacisi ukulungiswa kwenani lamakhalori kaphethiloli. I-En ejwayelekile igcizelela ukuthi uma izinga lokushisa lesethenjwa lingavunyelwene nalo lingu-25 ℃, inani lamakhalori emali (i-NCV noma i-GCV) kufanele lilungiswe emazingeni okushisa avunyelenayo. Ifomula yokulungisa imi kanjena:

I-HA: Inani le-Net Calorific kaphethiloli ekushiseni kwereferensi kwama-25 ℃;

I-HM: Inani le-Fuel Net Calorific elilungiswe ngokusho kokushisa okuvunyelwene ngayo kwereferensi tr.

9.Iphutha lokuhlola nokungaqiniseki

Kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwe-boiler, noma yikuphi ukuvivinya kungahle kube namaphutha. Amaphutha wokuhlola akhiwa amaphutha ahlelekile, amaphutha angahleliwe, namaphutha okushiya, njll. Owonke amazinga amathathu adinga ukuthi ahlolwe amaphutha okungenzeka kufanele ahlolwe futhi aqedwe ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Ikhodi ye-ASME futhi i-en ejwayelekile Beka phambili ngokuya ngemiqondo yokungaqiniseki nokungaqiniseki.

Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kwe-GB, iphutha lokulinganisa kanye nephutha lokuhlaziya lokulinganisa ngakunye kanye nokuhlaziya into kubalwa, bese kubalwa iphutha lokubalwa kokugcina kutholakala ukuze bahlulele ukuthi ngabe ukuhlolwa kufanelekile yini.

Kubhalwe ezahlukweni ezifanele zekhodi ye-ASME wonke amaqembu esivivinyweni kufanele anqume amanani amukelekile okuqinisekisiwe kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, futhi la magugu abizwa ngokuthi ukungaqiniseki kwelitshe imiphumela. I-ASME Code ihlinzeka ngendlela yokubala yokungaqiniseki. Ikhodi ye-ASME ibuye ichaze ukuthi ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuhlolwa ngakunye, ukungaqiniseki kumele kubalwe ngokuya ngezahluko ezifanele zekhodi ne-ASME PTC 19.1 ikhodi. Uma ukungaqiniseki okubaliwe kukhulu kunokungaqiniseki okuqondiwe okufinyelelwe kusengaphambili, ukuhlolwa kuzobe kungavumelekile. Ikhodi ye-ASME igcizelela ukuthi ukungaqiniseki kwemiphumela yokuhlola ebaliwe akuyona umkhawulo wephutha ovumelekile wokusebenza kwe-boiler, futhi lokhu kungcebeka kusetshenziselwa kuphela ukwahlulela izinga lokuhlolwa kokusebenza (ie kuthi ukuthi ukuhlolwa kuyasebenza noma cha), kunokuba kuhlolwe ukusebenza kwe-boiler.

En evamile ehlukanisa ukuthi i-Excressional Exertive Exertive Exertive Exertive Exertives Eviction izobalwa ngokuya ngokungaqiniseki kwento ngayinye, bese kuthi ukuhlakanipha okungaqiniseki u-Uight uzobalwa ngokuya ngefomula elandelayo:

Uwaηβ = σπ

Uma izimo ezilandelayo zihlangatshezwa, kuzothathwa ngokuthi inani eliqinisekisiwe lokusebenza kahle litholakala:

ηβg≤≤b + Uiηβ

Lapho:

η g inani lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle;

I-ηB yinani elilungisiwe lokusebenza kahle.

Kungabonakala ngokusobala kusuka engxoxweni engenhla ukuthi ukuhlaziya iphutha kwe-GB kanye nokubalwa kokungaqiniseki kwikhodi ye-ASME izindlela zokwahlulela ukuthi ngabe i-EXPRICIUNTION I-Index Ku-En Standard akwahluleli ukuthi ngabe ukuhlolwa kuphumelele, okuhlobene kakhulu nokuthi inkomba yokusebenza kahle iyafaneleka yini.

10.Ukugcina

I-GB10184-88, DL / T964-2005, ASME PTC4-1998 ne-EN12592-15: 2003 Icacisa ngokusobala ukuthi ukwamukelwa kokusebenza kwe-boiler kususelwa ebufakazini. Amakhodi we-GB nama-ASME asetshenziswa kabanzi eChina, kanti u-En u-En ev asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwamukelweni ekhaya.

Umqondo oyinhloko wokuhlolwa kokuhlola ukusebenza kokusebenza kokusebenza okuchazwe yilezi zindinganiso ezintathu kuyafana, kepha ngenxa yezinhlelo ezijwayelekile ezijwayelekile, kunomehluko ngemininingwane eminingi. Leli phepha lenza ukuhlaziywa nokuqhathaniswa kwamazinga amathathu, okulungele ukusebenzisa amazinga ezinhlelo ezahlukene ekwamukelweni kwephrojekthi. I-En Ejwayelekile ayisetshenziswa kabanzi eChina, kepha kuyadingeka ukuthi ihlaziywe ngokujulile nokucwaninga kwamanye amalungiselelo ayo. Ukwenza amalungiselelo obuchwepheshe kulokhu, bagqugquzele ukuthunyelwa kwama-boilers ezifuywayo ezweni noma esifundeni esisebenzisa ukuguquguquka kwethu kwe-EU, futhi kuthuthukise ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zethu emakethe yamazwe omhlaba.